Reproductive hormone concentrations are regulated by the negative feedback mechanism.LH stimulates the interstitial cells (lying between the seminiferous tubules) to secrete steroid hormone, testosterone, essential for the development of secondary sexual characters and sperm production.FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells (cells of seminiferous tubules) for spermatogenesis.Hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone (FSH & LH).Hormonal control of Reproductive system in Males Hormones of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads control the functioning of reproductive systems in males and females. Hormonal Control of Reproductive Systems in Male & Female Progesterone causes the growth of blood vessels in the endometrium and inhibits the secretion of FSH and LH.Estrogen causes the growth of the endometrium to replace the layer lost during previous menstruation.The threshold level of estrogen triggers the release of LH that stimulates the ovulation and conversion of rupture follicles into the corpus luteum, which synthesises and releases progesterone.FSH causes the ovarian follicle and its eggs to mature, and the maturing follicle synthesises estrogens.GnRH is released from the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of the FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.These are gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), estrogens, and progesterone. The five hormones regulate the menstrual cycle in females. It stimulates the growth of mammary glands. Human placental lactogen is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the placenta that enters the maternal circulation and disappears immediately after delivery.It stimulates the progesterone released from the corpus luteum and maintains the level of progesterone in females throughout the gestation period. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that is produced by the placenta during pregnancy.In severe conditions, it may cause infertility in females. The high level of testosterone in females causes growth of facial hairs, irregular menstrual cycle. Testosterone is found in small amounts in females and affects fertility, menstruation, and red blood cell production in females.It prepares the uterus for the action of oxytocin during labour.īesides these, some other sex hormones are produced in small quantities in females that perform the following reproductive functions:.The Relaxin hormone relaxes the pubic ligaments and dilates the cervix to facilitate parturition.The placenta produces relaxin hormone during pregnancy. Relaxin hormone is produced by the ovaries. Testosterone also stimulates the production of red blood cells in males.A balanced secretion of testosterone regulates the sperm count in males.Testosterone produces secondary sexual characteristics in boys at puberty, such as enlargement of Adam’s apple, deeper voice, growth of facial hairs, broadening of shoulder and chest, muscular development, etc.Testosterone causes the growth and development of secondary male sex organs at puberty, such as prostate glands, seminal vesicles, and penis.Testosterone stimulates the production of sperms in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.There are the following reproductive functions of testosterone in males: The hormones from the pituitary gland (FSH & LH) stimulate the interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone. What is the Role of Hormones in Male Reproductive System? Testosterone, human chorionic gonadotropin, and human placental lactogen are other hormones secreted by females. The corpus luteum also secretes a small amount of relaxin in the terminal stages of pregnancy. Relaxin: It is a hormone secreted by the ovaries and placenta. It is a pregnancy-promoting steroid hormone.ģ.
It is secreted in response to the luteinising hormone (LH). Progesterone: It is secreted by the corpus luteum (the tissue left behind after the rupture of a follicle during ovulation). A small amount of estrogen is also secreted by the adrenal gland.Ģ. Estrogen: It is a hormone released by the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles in response to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The hormones and their site of secretion in the ovaries are discussed as follows:ġ. Ovaries are a set of paired glands in the pelvic region that produce several types of female sex hormones. Learn Exam Concepts on Embibe Female Sex Hormones Besides this, a small amount of testosterone is also produced by the adrenal gland. The principal androgen in human males is testosterone. The interstitial cells found in the areas between the sperm-producing seminiferous tubules produce androgens (a group of male hormones). The testes are a paired sex organs in males.
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